System and program products for facilitating access to status and measurement data associated with input/output processing

ABSTRACT

Input/output processing is facilitated by readily enabling access to information associated with input/output processing. This information includes status information and measurement data provided by a control unit executing input/output commands. The status and measurement data are provided in a status control block identified in a transport control word, which is further used to specify a location in memory that includes the input/output commands to be executed.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of co-pending U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 11/548,093, filed Oct. 10, 2006, entitled “FACILITATING ACCESSTO STATUS AND MEASUREMENT DATA ASSOCIATED WITH INPUT/OUTPUT PROCESSING”,by Casper et al., which is hereby incorporated herein by reference inits entirety.

This application is also related to the subject matter of the followingapplication assigned to the same assignee as this application and herebyincorporated herein by reference in its entirety:

“FACILITATING INPUT/OUTPUT PROCESSING BY USING TRANSPORT CONTROL WORDSTO REDUCE INPUT/OUTPUT COMMUNICATIONS,” Casper et al.,(POU920060031US1), U.S. Ser. No. 11/548,060, filed Oct. 10, 2006.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates, in general, to input/output processing, and inparticular, to facilitating access to data associated with input/outputprocessing.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Input/output (I/O) operations are used to transfer data between memoryand input/output devices of a processing environment. Specifically, datais written from memory to one or more input/output devices, and data isread from one or more input/output devices to memory by executinginput/output operations.

To facilitate processing of input/output operations, an input/outputsubsystem of the processing environment is employed. The input/outputsubsystem is coupled to main memory and the input/output devices of theprocessing environment and directs the flow of information betweenmemory and the input/output devices. One example of an input/outputsubsystem is a channel subsystem. The channel subsystem uses channelpaths as communications media. Each channel path includes a channelcoupled to a control unit, the control unit being further coupled to oneor more input/output devices.

The channel subsystem employs channel command words to transfer databetween the input/output devices and memory. A channel command wordspecifies the command to be executed, and for commands initiatingcertain I/O operations, it designates the memory area associated withthe operation, the action to be taken whenever transfer to or from thearea is completed, and other options.

During input/output processing, a list of channel command words isfetched from memory by a channel. The channel parses each command fromthe list of channel command words and forwards a number of the commands,each command in it's own entity, to a control unit coupled to thechannel. The control unit then processes the commands. The channeltracks the state of each command and controls when the next set ofcommands are to be sent to the control unit for processing. The channelensures that each command is sent to the control unit in it's ownentity. Further, the channel infers certain information associated withprocessing.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Enhancements to the above processing of commands are needed. Forexample, a need exists for a capability that enables multiple commandsto be sent to the control unit as a single entity. A further need existsfor a capability that eliminates the need for the channel to track thestatus of the individual commands being executed by the control unit. Ayet further need exists for a capability that facilitates input/outputprocessing by readily enabling access to information, such as sense dataand measurement data, associated with I/O processing.

The shortcomings of the prior art are overcome and additional advantagesare provided through the provision of a system of facilitatinginput/output processing of a processing environment. The system,includes, for instance, an input/output communications adapter of theprocessing environment to obtain a transport control word, the transportcontrol word including a count of the total amount of data beingtransferred, an address of a descriptor control block to be sent to acontrol unit of the processing environment, in which the descriptorcontrol block includes a plurality of input/output commands to beexecuted, an address of a list that informs the input/outputcommunications adapter where to store or fetch data received from ortransmitted to the control unit, and a location in memory where to storeending status from the control unit, the ending status being directlyaccessible by an operating system of the processing environment; and theinput/output communications adapter to forward to the control unit, in asingle communication, the descriptor control block that includes theplurality of input/output commands as one entity, the control unit toexecute the plurality of input/output commands to perform one or moreinput/output operations, wherein the executing is performed absent atracking by the input/output communications adapter of state relative tothe individual input/output commands of the plurality of input/outputcommands being executed by the control unit.

Computer program products and methods corresponding to theabove-summarized system are also described and may be claimed herein.

Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniquesof the present invention. Other embodiments and aspects of the inventionare described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimedinvention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

One or more aspects of the present invention are particularly pointedout and distinctly claimed as examples in the claims at the conclusionof the specification. The foregoing and other objects, features, andadvantages of the invention are apparent from the following detaileddescription taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings inwhich:

FIG. 1 depicts one embodiment of a processing environment incorporatingand using one or more aspects of the present invention;

FIG. 2 a depicts one example of a channel command word;

FIG. 2 b depicts one example of a channel command word channel program;

FIG. 3 depicts one embodiment of a link protocol used in communicatingbetween the channel and control unit to execute the channel command wordchannel program of FIG. 2 b;

FIG. 4 depicts one embodiment of a transport control word channelprogram, in accordance with an aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 5 depicts one embodiment of a link protocol used to communicatebetween a channel and control unit to execute the transport control wordchannel program of FIG. 4, in accordance with an aspect of the presentinvention;

FIG. 6 depicts one embodiment of a link protocol used to communicatebetween a channel and control unit in order to execute four readcommands of a channel command word channel program;

FIG. 7 depicts one embodiment of a link protocol used to communicatebetween a channel and control unit to process the four read commands ofa transport control word channel program, in accordance with an aspectof the present invention;

FIG. 8 depicts one embodiment of a transport control word used inaccordance with an aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 9 depicts one embodiment of a channel command word descriptorspecified by the transport control word of FIG. 8 and used in accordancewith an aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 10 depicts one embodiment of ending status specified by thetransport control word of FIG. 8 and used in accordance with an aspectof the present invention;

FIG. 11 depicts one embodiment of response information received for achannel command word channel program;

FIG. 12 depicts one embodiment of response information received for atransport control word channel program, in accordance with an aspect ofthe present invention; and

FIG. 13 depicts one embodiment of a computer program productincorporating one or more aspects of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, input/outputprocessing is facilitated. For instance, input/output processing isfacilitated by readily enabling access to information, such as statusand measurement data, associated with input/output processing. Further,input/output processing is facilitated, in one example, by reducingcommunications between components of a processing environment used toperform the input/output processing. For instance, the number ofexchanges and sequences between an input/output (I/O) communicationsadapter, such as a channel, and a control unit is reduced. This isaccomplished by sending a plurality of commands from the I/Ocommunications adapter to the control unit as a single entity forexecution by the control unit, and by the control unit sending the dataresulting from the commands, if any, as a single entity.

The plurality of commands are included in a descriptor, referred toherein as a channel command word descriptor, an address of which isspecified in a transport control word. The transport control word issent from the operating system or other application to the I/Ocommunications adapter, which in turn forwards the descriptor to thecontrol unit for processing. The control unit processes each of thecommands absent a tracking of status relative to those individualcommands by the I/O communications adapter.

One example of a processing environment incorporating and using one ormore aspects of the present invention is described with reference toFIG. 1. Processing environment 100 includes, for instance, a main memory102, one or more central processing units (CPU) 104, a storage controlelement 106, a channel subsystem 108, one or more control units 110 andone or more input/output (I/O) devices 112, each of which is describedbelow.

Main memory 102 stores data and programs, which are input from inputdevices 112. Main memory 102 is directly addressable and provides forhigh-speed processing of data by central processing units 104 andchannel subsystem 108.

Central processing unit 104 is the controlling center of environment100. It contains the sequencing and processing facilities forinstruction execution, interruption action, timing functions, initialprogram loading, and other machine-related functions. Central processingunit 104 is coupled to storage control element 106 via a connection 114,such as a bidirectional or unidirectional bus.

Storage control element 106 is coupled to main memory 102 via aconnection 116, such as a bus; to central processing units 104 viaconnection 114; and to channel subsystem 108 via a connection 118.Storage control element 106 controls, for example, the queuing andexecution of requests made by CPU 104 and channel subsystem 108.

Channel subsystem 108 is coupled to storage control element 106, asdescribed above, and to each of the control units via a connection 120,such as a serial link. Channel subsystem 108 directs the flow ofinformation between input/output devices 112 and main memory 102. Itrelieves the central processing units of the task of communicatingdirectly with the input/output devices and permits data processing toproceed concurrently with input/output processing. The channel subsystemuses one or more channel paths 122 as the communication links inmanaging the flow of information to or from input/output devices 112. Asa part of the input/output processing, channel subsystem 108 alsoperforms the path-management functions of testing for channel pathavailability, selecting an available channel path and initiatingexecution of the operation with the input/output devices.

Each channel path 122 includes a channel 124 (channels are locatedwithin the channel subsystem, in one example, as shown in FIG. 1), oneor more control units 110 and one or more connections 120. In anotherexample, it is also possible to have one or more dynamic switches aspart of the channel path. A dynamic switch is coupled to a channel and acontrol unit and provides the capability of physically interconnectingany two links that are attached to the switch.

Also located within channel subsystem 108 are subchannels (not shown).One subchannel is provided for and dedicated to each input/output deviceaccessible to a program through the channel subsystem. A subchannel(e.g., a data structure, such as a table) provides the logicalappearance of a device to the program. Each subchannel providesinformation concerning the associated input/output device 112 and itsattachment to channel subsystem 108. The subchannel also providesinformation concerning input/output operations and other functionsinvolving the associated input/output device. The subchannel is themeans by which channel subsystem 108 provides information aboutassociated input/output devices 112 to central processing units 104,which obtain this information by executing input/output instructions.

Channel subsystem 108 is coupled to one or more control units 110. Eachcontrol unit provides the logic to operate and control one or moreinput/output devices and adapts, through the use of common facilities,the characteristics of each input/output device to the link interfaceprovided by the channel. The common facilities provide for the executionof input/output operations, indications concerning the status of theinput/output device and control unit, control of the timing of datatransfers over the channel path and certain levels of input/outputdevice control.

Each control unit 110 is attached via a connection 126 (e.g., a bus) toone or more input/output devices 112. Input/output devices 112 receiveinformation or store information in main memory 102 and/or other memory.Examples of input/output devices include card readers and punches,magnetic tape units, direct access storage devices, displays, keyboards,printers, pointing devices, teleprocessing devices, communicationcontrollers and sensor based equipment, to name a few.

One or more of the above components of the processing environment arefurther described in “IBM® z/Architecture Principles of Operation,”Publication No. SA22-7832-04, 5th Edition, September 2005; U.S. Pat. No.5,461,721 entitled “System For Transferring Data Between I/O Devices AndMain Or Expanded Storage Under Dynamic Control Of Independent IndirectAddress Words (IDAWS),” Cormier et al., issued Oct. 24, 1995; and U.S.Pat. No. 5,526,484 entitled “Method And System For Pipelining TheProcessing Of Channel Command Words,” Casper et al., issued Jun. 11,1996, each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety. IBM is a registered trademark of International BusinessMachines Corporation, Armonk, N.Y., USA. Other names used herein may beregistered trademarks, trademarks or product names of InternationalBusiness Machines Corporation or other companies.

In one embodiment, to transfer data between devices 112 and memory 102,channel command words are used. A channel command word specifies thecommand to be executed, and includes other fields to control processing.One example of a channel command word is described with reference toFIG. 2 a. A channel command word 200 includes, for instance, a commandcode 202 specifying the command to be executed (e.g., read, readbackward, control, sense and write); a plurality of flags 204 used tocontrol the I/O operation; for commands that specify the transfer ofdata, a count field 206 that specifies the number of bytes in thestorage area designated by the CCW to be transferred; and a data address208 that points to a location in main memory that includes data, whendirect addressing is employed, or to a list (e.g., contiguous list) ofmodified indirect data address words (MIDAWs) to be processed, whenmodified indirect data addressing is employed. Modified indirectaddressing is further described in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/464,613,entitled “Flexibly Controlling The Transfer Of Data Between Input/OutputDevices And Memory,” Brice et al., filed Aug. 15, 2006, which is herebyincorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

One or more channel command words (CCWs) arranged for sequentialexecution form a channel program, referred to herein as a CCW channelprogram. The CCW channel program is set up by, for instance, theoperating system, or other software. The software sets up the CCWs andobtains the addresses of memory assigned to the channel program. Anexample of a CCW channel program is described with reference to FIG. 2b. A CCW channel program 210 includes, for instance, a define extentchannel command word (CCW) 212 that has a pointer 214 to a location inmemory of define extent data 216 to be used with the define extentcommand. In this example, a transfer in channel (TIC) 218 follows thedefine extent command that refers the channel program to another area inmemory (e.g., an application area) that includes one or more other CCWs,such as a locate record 217 that has a pointer 219 to locate record data220, and one or more read CCWs 221. Each read CCW 220 has a pointer 222to a data area 224. The data area includes an address to directly accessthe data or a list of data address words (e.g., MIDAWs or IDAWs) toindirectly access the data. Further, CCW channel program 210 includes apredetermined area in the channel subsystem defined by the deviceaddress called the subchannel for status 226 resulting from execution ofthe CCW channel program.

The processing of a CCW channel program is described with reference toFIG. 3, as well as with reference to FIG. 2 b. In particular, FIG. 3shows an example of the various exchanges and sequences that occurbetween a channel and a control unit when a CCW channel program isexecuting. The link protocol used for the communications is FICON (FibreConnectivity), in this example. Information regarding FICON is describedin “Fibre Channel Single Byte Command Code Sets-2 Mapping Protocol(FC-SB-3), T11/Project 1357-D/Rev. 1.6, INCITS (March 2003), which ishereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Referring to FIG. 3, a channel 300 opens an exchange with a control unit302 and sends a define extent command and data associated therewith 304to control unit 302. The command is fetched from define extent CCW 212(FIG. 2 b) and the data is obtained from define extent data area 216.The channel uses TIC 218 to locate the locate record CCW and the readCCW. It fetches the locate record command 305 (FIG. 3) from the locaterecord CCW 217 (FIG. 2B) and obtains the data from locate record data220. The read command 306 (FIG. 3) is fetched from read CCW 221 (FIG.2B). Each is sent to the control unit.

The control unit opens an exchange 308 with the channel, in response tothe open exchange of the channel. This can occur before or after locatecommand 305 and/or read command 306. Along with the open exchange, aresponse (CMR) is forwarded to the channel. The CMR provides anindication to the channel that the control unit is active and operating.

The control unit sends the requested data 310 to the channel.Additionally, the control unit provides the status to the channel andcloses the exchange 312. In response thereto, the channel stores thedata, examines the status and closes the exchange 314, which indicatesto the control unit that the status has been received.

The processing of the above CCW channel program to read 4k of datarequires two exchanges to be opened and closed and seven sequences. Inaccordance with an aspect of the present invention, the number ofexchanges and sequences between the channel and control unit is reducedby collapsing multiple commands of the channel program into one commandword, referred to as a transport control word (TCW). Specifically, thetransport control word points to a channel command word descriptor(CCWD) that includes the multiple commands. The TCW is executed by thehost channel and is not sent or seen by the control unit.

One example of a channel program to read 4k of data, as in FIG. 2 b, butincludes a transport control word, instead of separate individualchannel command words, is described with reference to FIG. 4. As shown,a channel program 400, referred to herein as a TCW channel program,includes a transport control word 402 specifying a location in memory ofa channel command word descriptor (CCWD) 404, as well as a location inmemory of a data area 406 or a MIDAL 410 (i.e., a list of MIDAWs) thatpoints to data area 406, and a status area 408. Transport control words,channel command word descriptors and status are described in furtherdetail below.

The processing of a TCW channel program is described with reference toFIG. 5. The link protocol used for these communications is, forinstance, the fibre channel protocol (FCP). In particular, the threephases of the FCP link protocol are used, allowing host bus adapters tobe used that support FCP to support data transfers controlled by CCWs.FCP and its phases are described further in “InformationTechnology—Fibre Channel Protocol for SCSI, Third Version (FCP-3),” T10Project 1560-D, Revision 4, Sep. 13, 2005, which is hereby incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety.

Referring to FIG. 5, a channel 500 opens an exchange with a control unit502 and sends the channel command word descriptor 504 to the controlunit. In one example the CCWD and sequence initiative are transferred tothe control unit in a FCP command, referred to as FCP_CMND IU. Thecontrol unit executes the multiple commands of the channel command worddescriptor (e.g., define extent command, locate record command, readcommand) and forwards the data 506 to the channel via, for instance, aFCP_Data IU. It also provides status and closes the exchange 508. As oneexample, final status is sent in a FCP status frame that has a bitactive in, for instance, byte 10 or 11 of the FCP_RSP IU Payload. TheFCP_RES_IU Payload is used to transport FICON ending status along withthe control unit queue time, disconnect time, active time, the offset ofthe last DCW executed, the residual data byte count of the last DCWexecuted, the residual data byte count of the CCWD, and possible sensedata.

In a further example, to write 4k of customer data, the channel uses theFCP link protocol phases, as follows:

-   -   1. Transfer the CCWD in the FCP_CMND IU.    -   2. Transfer the IU of data, and sequence initiative to the        control unit. (FCP Transfer Ready Disabled)    -   3. Final status is sent in a FCP status frame that has a bit        active in, for instance, byte 10 or 11 of the FCP_RSP IU        Payload. The FCP_RES_INFO field or sense field is used to        transport FICON ending status along with the control unit queue        time, disconnect time, active time, the offset of the last DCW        executed, the residual data byte count of the last DCW executed,        the residual data byte count of the CCWD, and possible sense        data.

By executing the TCW channel program of FIG. 4, there is only oneexchange opened and closed (see also FIG. 5), instead of two exchangesfor the CCW channel program of FIG. 2 b (see also FIG. 3). Further, forthe TCW channel program, there are three communication sequences (seeFIGS. 4-5), as compared to seven sequences for the CCW channel program(see FIGS. 2 b-3).

The number of exchanges and sequences remain the same for a TCW channelprogram, even if additional commands are added to the program. Compare,for example, the communications of the CCW channel program of FIG. 6with the communications of the TCW channel program of FIG. 7. In the CCWchannel program of FIG. 6, each of the commands (e.g., define extentcommand 600, locate record command 601, read command 602, read command604, read command 606, locate record command 607 and read command 608)are sent in separate sequences from the channel 610 to the control unit612. Further, each 4 k block of data (e.g., data 614-620) is sent inseparate sequences from control unit 612 to channel 610. This CCWchannel program requires two exchanges to be opened and closed (e.g.,open exchanges 622, 624 and close exchanges 626, 628), and fourteencommunications sequences. This is compared to the three sequences andone exchange for the TCW channel program of FIG. 7, which accomplishesthe same task as the CCW channel program of FIG. 6.

As depicted in FIG. 7, a channel 700 opens an exchange with a controlunit 702 and sends a channel command word descriptor 704 to the controlunit. The CCWD includes the define extent command, the two locate recordcommands, and the four read commands, as described above. In response toreceiving the CCWD, the control unit executes the commands and sends, ina single sequence, the 16 k of data 706 to the channel. Additionally,the control unit provides status to the channel and closes the exchange708. Thus, the TCW channel program requires much less communications totransfer the same amount of data as the CCW channel program.

Further details regarding the transport control word, the channelcommand word descriptor and status are described with reference to FIGS.8-10. In particular, one embodiment of a transport control word isdescribed with reference to FIG. 8, one embodiment of a channel commandword descriptor referred to by the transport control word is describedwith reference to FIG. 9, and one embodiment of ending status alsoreferred to by the transport control word is described with reference toFIG. 10.

Referring to FIG. 8, in one example, a transport control word 800includes a plurality of fields, such as, for instance:

-   -   a) Command Field 802: The command field indicates if the command        is a TCW channel command or a legacy channel CCW. A TCW channel        command is an X8 command with X not equal to zero. As examples,        the X8 command field includes one of the following commands:        -   1) For x=one, as one example, the command is a write TCW            command that transfers a channel command word descriptor to            the control unit, as well as customer data, per the channel            command word descriptor data byte count field in the            transport control word; and        -   2) For x=two, as one example, the command is a read TCW            command that transfers a channel command word descriptor to            the control unit, and the channel command word descriptor            data byte count is the total amount of data the control unit            will transfer to the channel;    -   b) Flags 804: The flag field may include one or more flags. In        this example, it includes a MIDAW flag that indicates whether        modified indirect addressing or direct addressing is being used.        If the flag is active, an address 810 in the transport control        word is the address of a first modified indirect data address        word (MIDAW) of a modified indirect data address list (MIDAL).        Otherwise, the address is a data address used for direct        addressing;    -   c) CCWD Length 806: This field includes the length of the        channel command word descriptor specified by this transport        control word;    -   d) CCWD Data Byte Count 808: This field includes the total        amount of customer data to be transferred by all of the        descriptor command words (DCWs), described below, in the channel        command word descriptor;    -   e) Address of MIDAW or Data Address 810: This field provides the        address of a MIDAW, assuming flag field 804 indicates it should        be a MIDAW address, or an address of customer data;    -   f) Address of the CCWD 812: This field includes an address to        locate in memory the channel command word descriptor. The        channel command word descriptor is further described below.    -   g) Address of Status 814: This field includes an address to        locate in memory an ending completion status for this transport        control word. Further information regarding the ending status is        described below.

The three addresses defined by the transport control word including,MIDAW or data address 810, CCWD address 812, and status address 814, areused by, for instance, a host bus adapter to execute the equivalent of aFCP operation. This enables the FCP link phases, instead of FICONphases, to be used in communications, thereby significantly increasingperformance and efficiency of the channel subsystem.

As indicated above, the transport control word specifies a channelcommand word descriptor to be used. The channel command word descriptorincludes the multiple commands to be executed by the control unit. Thecommands are executed independent of the channel in that status relativeto execution of the individual commands is not tracked by the channel.The control unit receives the multiple commands as a single unit and hasthe responsibility of executing the commands, in an appropriate manner.In one example, the CCWD is sent to the control unit as the FCP_CMND IUpayload in the FCP link protocol. By relieving the channel of theresponsibility of tracking individual commands, performance of thechannel is significantly enhanced. Moreover, the control unit benefitsby seeing the entire channel program at one time.

One embodiment of a channel command word descriptor (CCWD) is describedwith reference to FIG. 9. A channel command word descriptor 900 hasthree main parts, including, for instance, a header 902, multiple DCWs904 and descriptor data 906, each of which is described below.

CCWD header 902 includes the following fields, as one example:

-   -   a) Channel Image Id 910: This field identifies the channel        involved in the communication;    -   b) Control Unit Image Id 912: This field identifies the control        unit communicating with the channel identified by channel image        id 910;    -   c) Device Address 914: This field identifies the device coupled        to the control unit that is involved in the I/O communications;    -   d) Read or Write field 916: This field indicates whether the I/O        operations are read or write;    -   e) CDB CMD 918: This field is used to identify this as a CCWD;    -   f) I/O Priority 920: This field indicates the priority of this        I/O;    -   g) CCWD Length 922: This field indicates the length of the CCWD;    -   h) # DCWs 924: This field indicates the number of descriptor        command words for this CCWD; and    -   i) CCWD Data Byte Count 926: This field describes the total        customer data to be transferred by the CCWD.

Each descriptor command word 904 includes a plurality of fields, suchas, for instance:

-   -   a) Command Field 930: This field includes the CCW command (e.g.,        control commands like define extent and locate record; read;        write; etc.);    -   b) Flag Field 932: This field may include one or more flags. In        this example, flag field 932 includes a command chain flag        indicating whether command chaining is present; and a descriptor        data present flag indicating whether descriptor data is present        in the CCWD following this DCW. This flag is active for write        control, when the write control command requires descriptor        data;    -   c) Byte Count Field 934: If this is a control command, the count        is the number of bytes of control data in the CCWD; otherwise,        it is the count of customer data to be transferred by this DCW.        If the DCW command is a command intermediate or a no op command,        the byte count field is zero.

Descriptor data 906 includes the data 936 for a DCW write controlcommand. This data is in the CCWD following the DCW the data is for andits presence is made known by the flag field in the DCW. By specifyingcontrol data directly in the descriptor list, the device can obtain thedata without requiring the device to perform a separate data transfer toobtain it.

In one embodiment, a checking code, such as a cyclic redundancy check(e.g., FICON CRC), a longitudinal redundancy check (LRC), a checksum,etc., is applied across the CCWD data transferred per the sum of the DCWbyte counts in the CCWD, and a separate checking code is applied to theCCWD, when it is transmitted to the control unit. For example, achecking code is applied to the total data being transferred by theCCWD. This is at a higher level than the CRC applied at the transportlevel. The check is applied to each data packet sent, and thenaccumulated and verified at the receiver end to ensure the entire data,as specified by the CCWD data byte count, arrived completely and withouterrors.

As a further example, for the CCWD itself, a checking code is applied.For instance, the code is appended to the information. The control unitreceives the information, checks the code, and if valid, the informationis considered valid.

The transport control word also specifies a location for ending status.This allows the operating system to specify an area in storage for theextra timers and count information from the control unit for a TCWoperation and for sense data, thus, guaranteeing the delivery ofconcurrent sense data on every unit check condition. One example ofending status is described with reference to FIG. 10.

In one embodiment, an ending status control block 1000 includes thefollowing fields:

-   -   a) DCW Residual Byte Count 1002: This field indicates the        residual byte count of a failed DCW (i.e., where execution of        the DCWs was interrupted);    -   b) Sense Length 1004: This field specifies the length of sense        data appended at the end of this control block in appended sense        data;    -   c) Response Length 1006: This field indicates the length of the        response portion of this control block;    -   d) CH Image Id 1008: This field identifies the channel involved        in the communication;    -   e) CU Image Id 1010: This field identifies the control unit        communicating with the channel identified by channel image id        1008;    -   f) Device Address 1012: This field identifies the device coupled        to the control unit that is involved in the I/O communications;    -   g) Status Flags 1014: This field specifies one or more status        flags. Examples of status flags are described in “Fibre Channel        Single Byte Command Code Sets-2 Mapping Protocol (FC-SB-3),        T11/Project 1357-D/Rev. 1.6, INCITS (March 2003), which is        hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety;    -   h) Status 1016: This field identifies status of the        communication, including, for instance, device status, which is        further described in “IBM® z/Architecture Principles of        Operation,” Publication No. SA22-7832-04, 5th Edition, September        2005, hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety;    -   i) CCWD Residual Byte Count 1020: This field indicates the        residual byte count of the CCWD Data Byte Count, which is the        remaining count of data that was not transferred for the whole        CCWD;    -   j) DCW Offset 1022: If all DCWs are not executed in the CCWD,        this is the DCW offset in the CCWD of the failed DCW;    -   k) Queue Time Parameter 1024: This field specifies the amount of        time the control unit had the I/O operation on it's queue with        the exchange open to the channel;    -   l) Defer Time Parameter 1026: This field specifies the amount of        time the control unit waited for the data, with the exchange        open to the channel, because of a control unit data cache miss.        The control unit had to access the media to reference the        requested data;    -   m) Control Unit Active Time 1028: This field specifies the time        the control unit is active executing a TCW;    -   n) Appended Sense Data, if any 1030: This field includes sense        for the case the control unit encountered a unit check during        the I/O operation.

Status is further described in “IBM® z/Architecture Principles ofOperation,” Publication No. SA22-7832-04, 5th Edition, September 2005;and queue time, defer time and appended sense are further described in“Fibre Channel Single Byte Command Code Sets-2 Mapping Protocol(FC-SB-3), T11/Project 1357-D/Rev. 1.6, INCITS (March 2003), each ofwhich is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

For legacy FICON, the command response is an important measurement pointin the operation of a CCW channel program. FIG. 11 is a timeline as seenby the channel that depicts various timing points kept track of by thechannel subsystem for a CCW channel program. As an example, the channelsees Start subchannel A 1100, CMR B 1102, Disconnect C 1104, Reconnect D1106 and Ending Status E 1108. The control unit provides the channelwith the CU queue time and CU defer time at ending status time.

The legacy channel subsystem, in effect, performs a number of steps togather various times for channel subsystem measurements. For example,with reference to FIG. 11, it timestamps the time of start Subchannel atA 1100, and it timestamps the time of CMR at B 1102. At disconnect timeC 1104, it calculates connect time (CT=C−B). It timestamps the time ofreconnect at D 1106, and timestamps Ending Status time at E 1108. Fromthere, it calculates total connect time CT=(C−B)+(E−D); total startpending time SP=(B−A); and disconnect time DT=(E−A)−CT−SP).

For a TCW, however, the channel does not get a Command Response CMR toknow when the control unit started the I/O operation. For instance, withreference to the timeline of FIG. 12, it only sees the Start SubchannelA 1200 and the Ending status E 1202. The channel does not see for a TCWoperation the CMR B 1204 time, and the time required to retrieve datafrom the media starting at C 1206 and ending at D 1208. The time toretrieve data from the media is part of the CU defer time for a TCW. TheCU queue time (not shown) and CU defer time are provided by the controlunit at ending status time.

Thus, for a TCW channel program, the channel timestamps the time ofStart Subchannel at A 1200 and the ending status time at E 1202, but itis the control unit that performs the tracking of when the operationstarted and the total time to execute the individual commands andprovide this measurement data as part of the ending status.

As one example, the control unit reports the following at ending status:

-   -   AT=Active time=(C−B)+(E−D) in FIG. 12—this is CU active time        1028 in FIG. 10;    -   QT=CU queue time—this is the amount of time the control unit had        the operation on it's queue before starting the operation and is        the queue time parameter 1024 in FIG. 10; and    -   DT=Defer time=(D−C) in FIG. 12—this is defer time parameter 1026        in FIG. 10.

From the timers provided by the control unit and the beginning andending timestamps provided by the channel subsystem at A and E on FIG.12, the same measurement data is provided for a TCW command as for thelegacy CCW commands. The I/O subsystem determines:

-   -   CMR time (B−A (FIG. 12))=(E−A)−AT−DT−QT;    -   Total connect time CT=CU reported active time AT (1028 in FIG.        10);    -   Total start pending time SP=(E−A)−AT−DT; and    -   Disconnect time=CU reported defer time=(D−C) (1026 in FIG. 10).

Therefore, the control unit has the responsibility of tracking stateinformation of the individual commands and providing measurement datarelating thereto, relieving the channel of this responsibility. Theoperating system communicates directly with the control unit using thechannel only as a conduit. The channel does not track the stateinformation of the individual commands but the I/O subsystem providesthe same measurement data as with legacy CCWs by using the I/O subsystemtimestamps A and E and the three timers from the control unit, and thus,the same measurement data is provided to the operating system. At thesame time, the workload of the channel is reduced.

One or more aspects of the present invention can be included in anarticle of manufacture (e.g., one or more computer program products)having, for instance, computer useable media. The media has therein, forinstance, computer readable program code means or logic (e.g.,instructions, code, commands, etc.) to provide and facilitate thecapabilities of the present invention. The article of manufacture can beincluded as a part of a computer system or sold separately.

One example of an article of manufacture or a computer program productincorporating one or more aspects of the present invention is describedwith reference to FIG. 13. A computer program product 1300 includes, forinstance, one or more computer usable media 1302 to store computerreadable program code means or logic 1304 thereon to provide andfacilitate one or more aspects of the present invention. The medium canbe an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, orsemiconductor system (or apparatus or device) or a propagation medium.Examples of a computer readable medium include a semiconductor or solidstate memory, magnetic tape, a removable computer diskette, a randomaccess memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a rigid magnetic disk andan optical disk. Examples of optical disks include compact disk-readonly memory (CD-ROM), compact disk-read/write (CD-R/W) and DVD.

A sequence of program instructions or a logical assembly of one or moreinterrelated modules defined by one or more computer readable programcode means or logic direct the performance of one or more aspects of thepresent invention.

Advantageously, in accordance with one or more aspects of the presentinvention, I/O processing is enhanced by enabling the operating systemto communicate directly with the control units and by relieving the I/Ocommunications adapters of having to track all the state informationregarding individual commands being processed. That is, a directcommunication path is established between an operating system and acontrol unit, such that the operating system can deliver a list ofcommand words to the device through the channel subsystem without thechannel subsystem requiring any visibility to or processing of theindividual commands. This reduces the work of the communicationsadapter, and enhances the performance thereof. Further, the control unitis benefited by having an understanding of all the commands to beperformed by the control unit for a channel program. Additionally, moreprecise measurement data is provided by having the control unit providethe various times for intervals it controls directly, rather than havingthe channel subsystem infer the times from imprecise signals on theinterface.

In accordance with one or more aspects of the present invention, wellbehaved (e.g., predictable execution known by the operating system orsoftware at build time) CCW chains are collapsed into one control blockreferred to herein as the CCW Descriptor (CCWD) and is referenced by aCCW referred to herein as the transport control word. Command chainCCWs, as well as data chain CCWs, may be collapsed into one CCWD. Thisreduces the number of sequences and exchanges required to transfer agiven amount of data. Instead of requiring separate sequences forindividual device commands, a single exchange is used. As one example,this results in a 2× reduction over FICON in both exchanges andsequences required to transfer 4k of data. This enables FICON to becompetitive with FCP particularly on small block transfers. Instead ofusing the FICON link phases, FCP link phases are used. However, theinformation that is in the FCP_CMND IU and FCP_RSP IU is not FCP, exceptfor bits and bytes that have to be sent in the FCP_CMND IU to allow aFCP host bus adapter to work with the protocol.

The TCW provides the information for an I/O communications adapter totransport the list of CCW commands to the control unit, as well astransfers customer data to or from the control unit. Advantageously, achannel subsystem using one or more aspects of the present invention canalso continue to use CCW channel programs, as well as the TCW channelprograms. By using TCWs, the performance of an I/O operation thattransfers, for instance, small blocks of data is improved. Moreover, theuse of TCWs and CCWDs enables a place for sense data, which may be sentwith the ending status.

Although various embodiments are described above, these are onlyexamples. Processing environments other than those described herein,including others that use I/O subsystems, other than channel subsystems,can incorporate and use one or more aspects of the present invention.Further, although various control blocks have been shown, the locationof the information within those control blocks may be other than shownherein. Further, each control block may include additional, less ordifferent information than described herein. For instance, there may beadditional, fewer and/or different fields, including fields that mayinclude additional, fewer and/or different flags. Further, there may beadditional, fewer and/or different field sizes. Yet further, althoughmain memory is mentioned or described in various portions of theembodiment, one or more aspects of the present invention may beapplicable to other memory. Still further, although communicationsprotocols, such as FICON and FCP, are described herein, one or moreaspects of the present invention are applicable to other protocols.

Moreover, an environment may include an emulator (e.g., software orother emulation mechanisms), in which a particular architecture orsubset thereof is emulated. In such an environment, one or moreemulation functions of the emulator can implement one or more aspects ofthe present invention, even though a computer executing the emulator mayhave a different architecture than the capabilities being emulated. Asone example, in emulation mode, the specific instruction or operationbeing emulated is decoded, and an appropriate emulation function isbuilt to implement the individual instruction or operation.

In yet other examples, TCW channel programs performing other commandsmay include one or more aspects of the present invention. Further, TCWchannel programs can read other amounts of data than described hereinand still benefit from one or more aspects of the present invention.Numerous other examples and modifications are possible without departingfrom the spirit of the present invention.

In an emulation environment, a host computer includes, for instance, amemory to store instructions and data; an instruction fetch unit tofetch instructions from memory and to optionally, provide localbuffering for the fetched instruction; an instruction decode unit toreceive the instruction fetch unit and to determine the type ofinstructions that have been fetched; and an instruction execution unitto execute the instructions. Execution may include loading data into aregister for memory; storing data back to memory from a register; orperforming some type of arithmetic or logical operation, as determinedby the decode unit. In one example, each unit is implemented insoftware. For instance, the operations being performed by the units areimplemented as one or more subroutines within emulator software.

Further, a data processing system suitable for storing and/or executingprogram code is usable that includes at least one processor coupleddirectly or indirectly to memory elements through a system bus. Thememory elements include, for instance, local memory employed duringactual execution of the program code, bulk storage, and cache memorywhich provide temporary storage of at least some program code in orderto reduce the number of times code must be retrieved from bulk storageduring execution.

Input/Output or I/O devices (including, but not limited to, keyboards,displays, pointing devices, etc.) can be coupled to the system eitherdirectly or through intervening I/O controllers. Network adapters mayalso be coupled to the system to enable the data processing system tobecome coupled to other data processing systems or remote printers orstorage devices through intervening private or public networks. Modems,cable modems, and Ethernet cards are just a few of the available typesof network adapters.

The capabilities of one or more aspects of the present invention can beimplemented in software, firmware, hardware, or some combinationthereof. At least one program storage device readable by a machineembodying at least one program of instructions executable by the machineto perform the capabilities of the present invention can be provided.

The flow diagrams depicted herein are just examples. There may be manyvariations to these diagrams or the steps (or operations) describedtherein without departing from the spirit of the invention. Forinstance, the steps may be performed in a differing order, or steps maybe added, deleted, or modified. All of these variations are considered apart of the claimed invention.

Although preferred embodiments have been depicted and described indetail there, it will be apparent to those skilled in the relevant artthat various modifications, additions, substitutions and the like can bemade without departing from the spirit of the invention and these aretherefore considered to be within the scope of the invention as definedin the following claims.

1. A system of facilitating input/output processing of a processingenvironment, said system comprising: an input/output communicationsadapter of the processing environment to obtain a transport controlword, said transport control word including a count of the total amountof data being transferred, an address of a descriptor control block tobe sent to a control unit of the processing environment, in which thedescriptor control block includes a plurality of input/output commandsto be executed, an address of a list that informs the input/outputcommunications adapter where to store or fetch data received from ortransmitted to the control unit, and a location in memory where to storeending status from the control unit, said ending status being directlyaccessible by an operating system of the processing environment; andsaid input/output communications adapter to forward to the control unit,in a single communication, the descriptor control block that includesthe plurality of input/output commands as one entity, the control unitto execute the plurality of input/output commands to perform one or moreinput/output operations, wherein the executing is performed absent atracking by the input/output communications adapter of state relative tothe individual input/output commands of the plurality of input/outputcommands being executed by the control unit.
 2. The system of claim 1,wherein the ending status is provided in a status control blockidentified by the location in memory.
 3. The system of claim 2, whereinsaid status control block further comprises information relating to afailed input/output command of the plurality of input/output commands.4. The system of claim 3, wherein said information comprises at leastone of an indication of where execution of the input/output command wasinterrupted, and an indication of an amount of data not transferred forone or more input/output commands of the plurality of input/outputcommands.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the control unit is furtheradapted to determine measurement data associated with execution of theplurality of input/output commands, and wherein the measurement data isprovided in a status control block specified by the transport controlword.
 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the measurement data comprisesat least one of a queue time parameter specifying an amount of time thecontrol unit had an input/output operation on its queue with an exchangeopen to the input/output communications adapter, and a defer timeparameter specifying an amount of time the control unit waited for data,with the exchange open to the input/output communications adapterbecause of a control unit data cache miss.
 7. The system of claim 5,wherein the measurement data comprises a control unit active timespecifying the time the control unit is active executing the transportcontrol word.
 8. An article of manufacture comprising: at least onenon-transitory computer readable medium having computer readable programcode logic to facilitate input/output processing of a processingenvironment, the computer readable program code logic comprising: obtainlogic to obtain by an input/output communications adapter of theprocessing environment a transport control word, said transport controlword including a count of the total amount of data being transferred, anaddress of a descriptor control block to be sent to a control unit ofthe processing environment, in which the descriptor control blockincludes a plurality of input/output commands to be executed, an addressof a list that informs the input/output communications adapter where tostore or fetch data received from or transmitted to the control unit,and a location in memory where to store ending status from the controlunit, said ending status being directly accessible by an operatingsystem of the processing environment; forward logic to forward from theinput/output communications adapter to the control unit the descriptorcontrol block that includes the plurality of input/output commands asone entity, wherein the forwarding includes forwarding from theinput/output communications adapter to the control unit the descriptorcontrol block including the plurality of input/output commands in asingle communication; and execute logic to execute by the control unitthe plurality of input/output commands to perform one or moreinput/output operations, wherein the executing is performed absent atracking by the input/output communications adapter of state relative tothe individual input/output commands of the plurality of input/outputcommands being executed by the control unit.
 9. The article ofmanufacture of claim 8, wherein the ending status is provided in astatus control block identified by the location in memory.
 10. Thearticle of manufacture of claim 9, wherein said status control blockfurther comprises information relating to a failed input/output commandof the plurality of input/output commands.
 11. The article ofmanufacture of claim 10, wherein said information comprises at least oneof an indication of where execution of the input/output command wasinterrupted, and an indication of an amount of data not transferred forone or more input/output commands of the plurality of input/outputcommands.
 12. The article of manufacture of claim 8, further comprising:determine logic to determine by the control unit measurement dataassociated with execution of the plurality of input/output commands; andprovide logic to provide, by the control unit, the measurement data in astatus control block specified by the transport control word, whereinsaid determining and providing by the control unit relieve theinput/output communications adapter of having to infer or determine themeasurement data.
 13. The article of manufacture of claim 12, whereinthe measurement data comprises at least one of a queue time parameterspecifying an amount of time the control unit had an input/outputoperation on its queue with an exchange open to the input/outputcommunications adapter, and a defer time parameter specifying an amountof time the control unit waited for data, with the exchange open to theinput/output communications adapter because of a control unit data cachemiss.
 14. The article of manufacture of claim 12, wherein themeasurement data comprises a control unit active time specifying thetime the control unit is active executing the transport control word.